Z-Offset and First Layer Calibration
Adjust the distance between the nozzle and build plate for a consistent first layer.
Z-offset controls the final distance between the nozzle and build plate after the printer has established its reference position.
If the nozzle is too high, filament does not get pressed firmly onto the surface and adhesion will be poor.
If the nozzle is too low, filament may be extremely thin, rough or fail to come out at all.
Print a large first-layer calibration pattern.
Look closely at the extrusion lines.
If there are gaps between adjacent lines, move the nozzle slightly closer to the bed.
If the surface is rough, ridged or appears scraped, move the nozzle slightly farther away.
Make adjustments in very small steps. A change of only 0.02–0.05 mm can make a visible difference.
Some modern printers automatically calibrate nozzle height and may not require manual adjustment.
Always follow manufacturer instructions if the machine has automatic first-layer calibration.
Common causes of poor first layers: incorrect Z-offset, dirty plate, bed levelling error, damaged build surface.